THE TEACHING OF THE VOCABULARY
PRESENTING VOCABULARY
The teacher’s aim will be to explain the new word as quickly and as effciently as possible and the following aids can help to do this.
REALIA; this is the word we use to refer to the use of real objects in the classroom.
PICTURES; can be used to explain the meaning of vocabulary items; the teacher might draw pens and balls on the blackboard. A Picture can also be used to creat a situation or contex.
MIME GESTURE AND ACTION: action are probaby better explained by mime. Gesture is useful for explaining words or indicating that the past is being talked about.
CONTRAST; sometimes a visual element may not be sufficient to explain meaning and contrast can be used.
ENUMERATION;the word “vegetable” is a difficult word to explain visually.If the teacher lists a number of vegetables, the meaning will become clear.
EXPLANATION;When the items are used explanation should include information.”do” means to perform but information would have to be given about what words it is used with as opposed to “make”.
TRANSLATION;If students do not understand a word and the teacher can not think how to explain it,he can quickly translate it but it should be used with caution
They may be used in combination e.g.pictures and mime, translation and enumeration.

TECHNIQES FOR TEACHING FOR BEGINNERS
a) Pictures and flashcards
b) Explanation in first language
c) Defination in simple english by means of the vocabulary
d) İtems that students already know
e) Commands
f) Real objects
g) Drawings
FOR INTERMEDIATE
a) Defining new words by means of simple english
b) Presenting new words in a context
c) Presenting new items for pre-game like activity
d) Using pictures to demontstrate the meaning of words
e) Teaching social meaning through stories
FOR ADVANCED
a) Using dictionaries
b) Using reading passages
c) Brainstorming
d) Role plays for the students’ own use in speaking
e) Picture/drawings/ graphs

TECHNIQUES FOR TEACHING FOR BEGINNERS

The vocabulary lessons should contain words for persons and things in the classroom like window, door, desk, wall, boy, girl.That helps students to make the objects concrete.The more the student’s senses are put into learning the better she learns.

Students are often slow to learn foreign words for familiar objects.Because they also have the word in their native language.The teacher should give the impression that the foreign word is also important and they need it.A feel of need must be created by the teacher

TECHNIQUES FOR TEACHING FOR INTERMEDIATE
Like lessons for beginners, the intermediate vocabulary lessons include many words for things and persons in the learners daily life
• Defining new words by means of simple english
• Presenting new words in a context
• Presenting new items for pre-game like activity
• Using pictures to demontstrate the meaning of words
• Teaching social meaning through stories

Compared with beginners what are the advantages for intermediate in vocabulary learning?
• They have learned a large number of english words
• Native language is less used in intermadiate classes
• The students learn the words in the sentences that are already known

Characteristic of intermediate students
• Learn vocabulary related to comman areas.
• Simple english explanation for introducing new words
• Differant activities for individuals and small groups.
• Techniques should increase interest and courage.

LEARNING VOCABULARY FOR ADVANCED
• Aims for advanced:
• To prapare student for the kind of english used by and for native speakers.
• To help students become independent, responsible for their own learning

LEARNING ADVANCED VOCABULARY FOR USE
• Vocabulary is learned in the advanced for comprehension what is being read.
However there are also words to be learned for the students’ own uses or production in speaking and writing

Some class activities which require the use of english words for communication
• Paraphrases and summaries:Expressing the main ideas of an article or an essay briefly
• Group composition:Working together.The members of each group compose a paragraph on the assigned topic
• Letters to speakers of english :To have a friend with whom it is necessary and interesting to use english.
• A wall newspaper :Members of the class contribute articles and other items to a newspaper which is taped to the classroom wall.

TECHNİQUES THAT ARE FUNCTIONAL AND FUNNY
In vocabulary teaching humor is not our responsibility but to the extent that humor can assiat us in the facilitation of language acqusition and learning.It seens a valuanle tool in our teaching tool kit.The teacher should try to open up the classroom environment so that learning and fun can be mixed in.Making learning process more enjoyable can asist in making it more effective.
LİSTENENİNG
• Riddles
• Commands
• Pre-recorded comedy types; some comediance have viggnettes on tape about language , marital life, memories, so on that can fit into general EFL. Also some english comedy TV programs can be used.
READİNG
• Cartoons
• Short reading:Such reading includes humorous column in newspapers and magazines.
• Comedy clozes:Wanting students fill in the blanks using clues from context.
WRİTİNG
• Creativity corner:An abstract figure is drawn and students are asked to come up with as many as ideas as possible on what the figure could be
• Exaggerated advice column:Usually have people writing to complain about their problems and asking for advice
• Funny stories:Students can be asked to write funny stories
SPEAKİNG
• Pronunciation power:Teachers have various options from which to choose in dealing with students who have pronounciation problems.Humour in this setting can help to ease the pain of embarrasment while working as an effective mechanism to encourage correct pronounciation
• Comic-drama:Roleplaying with a comic twist can be used to highlight a variety of communicative needs and also can help shy students to show their vitality

SOURCES
www.ingilizceögretmenligi.com
www.wikipedia.org
www.englishclub.com
Harmer,Jeremy.The Practice of English Language Teaching.London,1989
Allen,Virginia French.Technics in Teaching Vocabulary.Newyork,1983
Sarıçoban, Arif. The Teaching of Language Skills.Ankara,2001
Maurice,Keith.English Teaching Forum.Bangkok,1988


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